Education
- B.A., The Johns Hopkins University, 1982
- J.D., University of California, Berkeley School of Law, 1985
- B.Phil., Magdalen College, Oxford University, 1990
- D.Phil., Jesus College, Oxford University, 2001
Publications
Articles
- Harvard Law and Philosophy Society Podcast on “What is the Goal of Legal Interpretation” (March 2023)
- Contested Politics Podcast on on Pardons, December 21, 2020
- Nonbasic Epistemology: Must the Epistemology of a Nonbasic Domain Track It’s Metaphysics?
- Legal Interpretation and Natural Law, 89
Fordham L. Rev. 109 (2020). - Talking Feds Podcast on Trials in the Time of Social Distancing, May 2020
- Principles of Legal Interpretation
- Trump’s Corrupt Use of The Pardon Power, Lawfare (June 2018)(co-author).
- Can Trump Obstruct Justice? New York Review of Books Daily (January 2018)
- How Law Affects Behavior, 8 Jurisprudence 1 (2017)
- Can Trump pardon his way out of trouble after the Manafort indictment? Op-Ed in the LA Times, coauthor (October 2017)
- All the President’s Defenses, Lawfare blog, coauthor (September 2017)
- The Moral Impact Theory, The Dependence View, and Natural Law, in G. Duke and R. George, eds., Cambridge Companion to Natural Law (2017)
- What Makes a Method of Legal Interpretation Correct? Legal Standards vs. Fundamental Determinants, 130 Harvard Law Review Forum 105 (February 2017)
- Reflexiones Sobre Metodología de la Filosofía del Derecho y Su Situación Actual, (Reflections On The Methodology and State of the Art of the Philosophy of Law), 11 Problema: Anuario de Filosofía y Teoría del Derecho 593 (2017) (in Spanish)
- How to Explain Things with Force, 129 Harvard Law Review, vol. 129: 1932-79 (2016)
- Explaining the Asymmetry between Mistakes of Law and Mistakes of Fact, Jurisprudence, vol. 6: 95-111 (2015)
- Troubles for Content I, in A. Burgess and B. Sherman, eds., Metasemantics: New Essays on the Foundations of Meaning (Oxford University Press 2014).
- Troubles for Content II: Explaining Grounding, in A. Burgess and B. Sherman, eds., Metasemantics: New Essays on the Foundations of Meaning (Oxford University Press 2014).
- The Moral Impact Theory of Law, Yale Law Journal, vol. 123: 1288-1342 (2014).Reprinted in Portuguese under the title “Teoria jurídica do impacto moral” in André Coelho, Saulo de Matos, Thomas Bustamante, eds., Interpretando O Império do Direito (Belo Horizonte: Arraes, 2018).
- How Mistakes Excuse: Genuine Desert, Moral Desert, and Legal Desert, Newsletter of the American Philosophical Association 8 (Fall 2011 issue; actual publication date December 2012)
- “How Facts Make Law” and the Nature of Moral Facts 40 Direito, Estado, e Sociedade (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro) 165 (2012).
- Law through the Prism of Planning, review of Scott Shapiro, Legality, in Jotwell, http://jotwell.com (September 2011).
- Legislation as Communication? Legal Interpretation and the Study of Linguistic Communication, in A. Marmor and S. Soames, eds., Philosophical Foundations of Language in the Law (Oxford University Press 2011).
- Implications of Indeterminacy: Naturalism in Epistemology and the Philosophy of Law II, 30 Law and Philosophy 453-475 (2011). Corrected version: Erratum: Implications of Indeterminacy: Naturalism in Epistemology and the Philosophy of Law II, Law and Philosophy, 31 : 619-642 (2012).
- The Standard Picture and Its Discontents, Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Law 1: 39-106 (2011)
- Naturalism in Epistemology and the Philosophy of Law, 30 Law and Philosophy 419-451 (2011).
- Moral Concepts and Motivation, Philosophical Perspectives 23: 137 (2009).
- Explaining Legal Facts. UCLA School of Law Working Paper Series, Public Law & Legal Theory Working Paper 08-19 (2008).
- Does How Facts Make Law Prove Too Much? UCLA School of Law Working Paper Series, Public Law & Legal Theory Working Paper 08-18 (2008).
- The Prism of Rules. UCLA School of Law Working Paper Series, Public Law & Legal Theory Working Paper 07-31 (2007).
- Incomplete Understanding, Deference, and the Content of Thought, UCLA School of Law Working Paper Series, Public Law & Legal Theory Working Paper 07-30 (2007).
- On Practices and the Law, 12 Legal Theory 113-136 (2006), reprinted in “Law: Metaphysics Meaning and Objectivity,” 2 Social, Political, and Legal Philosophy 95 (2007).
- Reasons Without Values?, Law: Metaphysics, Meaning and Objectivity, 2 Social Political and Legal Philosophy 133 (2007).
- Setting Asymmetric Dependence Straight, UCLA School of Law Working Paper Series, Public Law & Legal Theory Working Paper 06-03 (2006).
- Hartian Positivism and Normative Facts: How Facts Make Law II, in Exploring Law’s Empire (edited by Scott Hershovitz, Oxford University Press, 2006).
- Conceptual Role Semantics (with Gilbert Harman), in Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Language (edited by Ernie Lepore and Barry Smith, Oxford University Press, 2006).
- A New Map of Theories of Mental Content: Constitutive Accounts and Normative Theories, 15 Philosophical Issues 299 (2005).
- Goals versus Memes: Explanation in the Theory of Cultural Evolution, in Susan Hurley and Nick Chater, eds., Perspectives on Imitation (2005).
- Proving Rationality, in Susan Hurley and Nick Chater, eds., Perspectives on Imitation (2005)
- How Facts Make Law, 10 Legal Theory 157 (2004) (awarded the American Philosophical Association’s 2007 Berger Memorial Prize for best article in philosophy of law published in 2004 and 2005). Reprinted in 1) E. Caceres, I. Flores, J. Saldana, and E. Villanueva, eds., Problemas Contemporaneos de la Filsofia del Derecho (Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexico 2005); 2) Scott Hershovitz, ed., Exploring Law’s Empire (Oxford University Press 2006); 3) Law: Metaphysics, Meaning and Objectivity, 2 Social, Political, and Legal Philosophy 21 (2007); 4) Ken Himma, ed., The Nature of Law: Philosophical Issues in Conceptual Jurisprudence and Legal Theory (University Casebook, 2011).
- Life’s a Game (Reviewing Robert Wright, Nonzero), The Economist, July 13, 2000.
- Apocalypse Not Just Now, 21 London Review of Books 19 (July 1, 1999), reprinted (in Portuguese) in Best of (1999).
- The Meaning of Original Meaning, 86 Geo. L.J. 569 (1998) (co-author) (Runner-up, American Philosophical Association’s 2001 Berger Memorial Prize in Philosophy of Law).
- Federal Power and Federalism: A Theory of Commerce-Clause Based Regulation of Traditionally State Crimes, 47 Case Wes. Res. L. Rev. 921 (1997) (co-author).
- Dual Prosecutions: A Model for Concurrent Federal Jurisdiction, 543 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (The Federal Role in Criminal Law) 72 (1996) (co-author).
- What Connects Thought and Action? (Reviewing Jerry Fodor, The Elm and the Expert) Times Literary Supplement, June 23, 1995, pp. 7-8.
- Reporters’ Draft for the Working Group on Federal-State Cooperation, in Overlapping and Separate Spheres: A Three-Branch Roundtable on State and Federal Jurisdiction, 46 Hastings L.J. 1319 (1995) (co-author).
- Book Review, 108 Law Q. Rev. 164 (1992) (Reviewing M. Kramer, Legal Theory, Political Theory, and Deconstruction: Against Radamanthus (1991)) (co-author).
- The Appropriate Source of Law for Forum Non Conveniens Decisions in International Cases: A Proposal for the Development of Federal Common Law, 4 Berkeley J. Int’l. L. (formerly Int’l Tax & Bus. L.) 155 (1986).
Works in Progress
- Principles of Legal Interpretation
- Solving Religious Freedom (with Lawrence Sager)